- by
- [baɪ]
1. prep
1) (referring to cause, agent) 被 [bèi]
*
he was struck by a football — 他被足球打中了*
a painting by Picasso — 毕加索的画*
surrounded by a fence — 由篱笆围着2) (referring to method, manner, means)*
by bus/car/train — 乘公共汽车/汽车/火车 [chéng gōnggòng qìchē/qìchē/huǒchē]*
to pay by cheque — 以支票支付*
she grabbed him by the arm — 她抓住了他的胳膊*
by moonlight/candlelight — 借助月光/烛光*
by saving hard, you can ... — 通过使劲攒钱，你能...3) (via, through) 经由 [jīngyóu]*
he came in by the back door — 他从后门进来4) (close to, beside) 靠近 [kào jìn]*
he was standing by the door — 他正站在门边*
the house by the river — 河边的房子5) (past) 经过 [jīngguò]*
she rushed by me — 她急匆匆地从我身边过去6) (with times, dates, years) 以前 [yǐqián]*
by 4 o'clock — 4点以前*
by April 7 — 4月7号以前*
by 2005 — 2005年以前*
by this time tomorrow — 到明天这个时候*
by the time I got here — 到我到这儿的时候*
by now/then — 到如今/那时7) (during)*
by day/night — 在白天/晚上 [zài báitiān/wǎnshang]8) (specifying number, quantity, rate) 按 [àn]*
sold by the kilo/metre — 按公斤/米卖*
paid by the hour — 按小时付酬*
parcels arrived by the dozen — 按打发来的包裹*
little by little, bit by bit — 一点一点地9) (specifying degree of change) 相差 [xiāngchā]*
crime has increased by 10 per cent — 犯罪率上升了10%10) (in measurements)*
a room 3 metres by 4 — 一间长3米宽4米的房间 [yī jiān cháng sān mǐ kuān sì mǐ de fángjiān]*
it's broader by a metre — 宽了1米11) (MATH)* to divide/multiply by 3 — 被3除/乘 [bèisān chú/chéng]
12) (according to)*
by law — 按照法律 [ànzhào fǎlǜ]*
to play by the rules — 按规则玩游戏*
it's all right by me — 对我来说没问题*
by profession/birth/nature — 就职业/祖籍/天性而言13)2. adv* by myself/himself etc — (unaided) 我/他等自己 [wǒ/tā ][děng][ zìjǐ]; (alone) 我/他等单独 [wǒ/tā ][děng][ dāndú]
2)* by and by — (in the past) 不久以后 [bùjiǔ yǐhòu]; (in the future) 不久 [bùjiǔ]
3)••* by and large — 大体说来 [dàtǐ shuō lái]
如果你说 I'll be home by ten o'clock，你的意思是你要在10点或10点以前到家，但绝不会晚于10点。如果你说 I'll be home before ten o'clock，你的意思是10点是你到家的最晚时间，你可能9点以前就到家了。如果你说 I'll be at home until ten o'clock，你的意思是10点以前你会在家里，但10点以后就不在了。当我们谈论某人写了一本书或剧本、导演了一部电影、作了一部乐曲或画了一幅画时，我们说一部作品是 by 那个人或是 written by 那个人。...three books by Jane Austen...a collection of piano pieces by Mozart...a painting by Picasso 当我们谈到某人给你写信或留言时，我们说信或留言是 from 那个人。He received a letter from his brother...It's a message from your boss.
English-Chinese new dictionary. 2014.
